Marriage Dispensation and Gender Justice from a Mubādalah Perspective: A Critical Analysis of Tanjungkarang Religious Court Decision No. 131/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Tnk

Husain Fadhil Arrasyid; Hervin Yoki Pradikta

doi:10.70992/8m1a5j14

Authors

Husain Fadhil Arrasyid Postgraduate Universitas Ma’arif Lampung (UMALA), Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3035-4780
Hervin Yoki Pradikta Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Intan Lampung, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6755-682X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70992/8m1a5j14

Keywords:

Family Law, Gender Justice, Marriage Dispensation, Mubādalah, Women.

Abstract

This article critically examines issues of gender justice in marriage dispensation cases through an in-depth analysis of the Tanjungkarang Religious Court Decision No. 131/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Tnk. The petition for marriage dispensation was rejected on procedural grounds due to the petitioners’ absence, despite the urgent circumstances involving an underage girl who was pregnant. This study seeks to assess whether the judicial reasoning and outcome reflect substantive justice and provide adequate legal protection for vulnerable female parties. Employing a normative juridical approach and drawing on the reciprocity (Mubādalah) theory developed by Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir, the decision is analyzed both textually and contextually. The findings indicate that the legal reasoning remains predominantly procedural and insufficiently responsive to women’s lived experiences, thereby marginalizing their position as legal subjects. The reciprocity perspective offers an ethical and jurisprudential alternative that repositions women as active, equal, and reciprocal participants in legal relationships. This research contributes to the advancement of a more just, inclusive, and socially responsive framework of Islamic family law and advocates for the incorporation of reciprocity principles into judicial practice to enhance gender-sensitive adjudication.

References

Al Saudiyah, W. A. A. (1856). Maqashid al Syariah Al Islamiyah. Kitab Al Waraqiy.

Ali, M., & Hanafi, R. (2022). Pembaruan Hukum Batas Usia Perkawinan (Perspekstif Hukum Islam Dan Kesetaraan Gender). JSHI: Jurnal Syariah Hukum Islam, 1(1), Article 1. https://journal.iaidalampung.ac.id/index.php/jshi/article/view/39

Aliyah, S. A., & Aulia, R. S. (2022). Metode Qira’ah Mubadalah Pada Kasus Kepemimpinan Perempuan. An-Nida’, 46(2), 174–191. https://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/Anida/article/view/20860

Arrasyid, H. F., Hidayat, E., Anam, K., Choirunnisa, S., & Wati, K. (2024). Sosialisasi Pembinaan Keluarga Maslahah Kampung Sriwijaya Mataram Sebagai Bentuk Antisipasi Meningkatnya Angka Perceraian Di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. ABDI MAKARTI, 3(1), 54–64. https://jurnal.stieama.ac.id/index.php/abdimakarti/article/view/585

Asnawi, H. S., Nawawi, M. A., Mahmudah, S., & Alamsyah, A. (2024). The Concept of Maşlaḥah Family in Lampung Customary Law: A Study of Mak Dijuk Siang and Its Relevance to Indonesian Marriage Law. Fikri: Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 9(1), 104–121. https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v9i1.4710

Ali, Zezen Zainul. (2024). Marriage Brokers: The Rational Action in the Practice of Delegation of Marriage Administration in Central Lampung. Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2024.%25x

Aziz, Nasaiy, et al. (2023). Child Marriage in Kabang, South Yala, Thailand: Islamic Family Law Perspective. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.8699

Bambang, S. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Rajawali Pers. http://katalogdiarpuskutaikartanegara.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=10439

Ebbers-Pardijs, Anne Lieke, & Wagner, Natascha. (2025). Legal reforms, norms, and child marriage: observational evidence on behavioral responses in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2025.102485

Faiz, Muhammad Fauzinudin, Ali, Zezen Zainul, & Taufiq, Muhammad. (2023). Underage Widows and Widowers before the Law: Problem, Contestation and Legal Certainty in Marriage Dispensation. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 22(2). https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i2.9097

Hamdi, S., & Efendi, S. (2022). Konsep Keadilan Delik Pembunuhan Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia dan Hukum Islam. MAQASIDI: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 144–159. https://doi.org/10.47498/maqasidi.vi.1558

Hendra, M., & Hakim, N. (2023). Kesetaraan Gender dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v4i1.293

Hermanto, A. (2022). Menjaga nilai-nilai kesalingan dalam menjalankan hak dan kewajiban suami istri perspektif fikih mubadalah. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (JSYH), 4(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol4.iss1.art3

Hermanto, A., & Nisa, I. S. (2024). Ekologi rumah tangga harmonis: Konsep mubadalah sebagai kunci utama. The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Law and Civil Law, 5(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.51675/jaksya.v5i1.734

Huda, C. (2025). Kontruksi Gender Pada Relasi Pernikahan Menurut Calon Pengantin dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam (Studi Kasus di KUA Kecamatan Lahei Barito Utara Kalimantan Tengah) [PhD Thesis, Universitas Islam Indonesia]. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/55461

Idris, Ahmad Rusyaid, Khusaini, Muhammad, & Al-Mansyuri, Syaiful Anwar. (2024). Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia: The Fulfillment of Child Custody Rights in Divorce Cases Caused by Early Marriage. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i1.8907

Imran, I., Suadi, A., Risnain, M., & Nurbani, E. S. (2024). Aspects of Justice of Marriage Dispensation and Best Interests for Children. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 13(1), 63–88. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.13.1.2024.63-88

Ishom, Muhammad. (2023). The Loose Interpretation of Dominus Litis Principle in Marriage Dispensation for Underage Marriage in Banten. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i2.29881

JDIH BPK. (2019). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/122740/uu-no-16-tahun-2019

Kodir, F. A. (2021). Qira’ah mubadalah. IRCiSoD. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=7LKtDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=Mubadalah&ots=Tr6NyfSeTm&sig=Gz24NzFS7K2DQ_joMMujOT3w76k

Mahkamah Agung. (2024a). Putusan PA TANJUNG KARANG 131/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Tnk. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaef8a2864c740e09171313933323336.html

Mahkamah Agung. (2024b). SEMA No. 1 Tahun 2016. JDIH Mahkamah Agung RI. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/sema-nomor-1-tahun-2016/detail

Makhlad, M. (2022). Analisis Childfree Dalam Website Tafsir Di Indonesia (studi atas tafsirquran. Id, tanwir. Id, dan mubadalah. Id) [B.S. thesis, FU]. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/64796

Marwiyah, M., Nofrial, R., & Anatami, D. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Pelaksanaan Pemberian Dispensasi Kawin Di Pengadilan Agama Batam Dalam Perspektif Kepastian Hukum Dan Perlindungan Anak. Jurnal Syntax Fusion, 3(01), 14–31. https://doi.org/10.54543/fusion.v3i01.241

Moelyono, A., Patria, R. Y., & Dwiarti, F. S. (2022). Marriage Dispensation Policy in Children Protection: Evaluation of Article 7 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 16 of 2019 Concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 Concerning Marriage. Al-Mashlahah Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial, 10(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.30868/am.v10i01.2255

Nawawi, M. Anwar, Sulastri, Sulastri, Edi, Relit Nur, & Setiawan, Agus. (2022). Harmonization of Islam and Human Rights: Judges’ Legal Arguments in Rejecting Child Marriage Dispensation in Sukadana, Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.117-134

Muin, F., Ridzwan, F. B. B. M., Nurkholidah, S., & Hasyimi, D. M. (2025). Mubadalah as a Pillar of Family Resilience in Indonesia in Facing the Challenges of Information Disruption. Journal of Islamic Mubadalah, 35–49. https://doi.org/10.70992/tamhse32

Nafi, M., & Ali, M. S. (2024). Mubadalah: Metode Interpretasi Adil Jender Bagi Hakim Pengadilan Agama Dalam Memutus Sengekata Hukum Keluarga. Equality : Journal of Law and Justice, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.69836/equality-jlj.v1i2.139

Nur, H. A., Hermanto, A., & Zaelani, A. Q. (2022). Monogami dalam Tinjauan Mubadalah. El-Izdiwaj: Indonesian Journal of Civil and Islamic Family Law, 3(2), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.24042/el-izdiwaj.v3i2.14281

Nurwandri, A., & Syam, N. F. (2021). Analisis Pernikahan Wanita Hamil Diluar Nikah Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v12i1.9772

Oktaria, W., Suryati, S., & Dewi, E. P. (2024). Peranan Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja dalam Mencegah Kehamilan di Luar Nikah. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.51214/bip.v4i2.958

Pradikta, H. Y., Anggraini, V. M., Muhammad, H., Tunnur, M. A. Z., & Asnawi, H. S. (2025). Pernikahan bagi Penderita Gangguan Mental di Indonesia (Komparasi antara Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Prinsip Maslahah). Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.51214/002025071322000

Pradikta, H. Y., Fadillah, M. N., Dayani, T. R., & Asnawi, H. S. (2025). Analysis of Act 23 Of 2004 Concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence Article 8 From the Perspective of Mubadalah and its Implications on the Harmony of Families. KnE Social Sciences. https://shorturl.at/xXLVC

Prabowo, B. A. (2016). Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Penetapan Dispensasi Perkawinan Dini Akibat Hamil di Luar Nikah pada Pengadilan Agama Bantul. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 20(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol20.iss2.art7

Rifqi Akbari. (2025). Marriage Dispensation and the Best Interests of the Child: A Judicial Analysis of Urgent Reasons in the Purwodadi Religious Court. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory, 3(3), 2812–2826. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v3i3.1354

Rohmadi, Rohmadi, et al. (2024). Judges’ Considerations in Granting Marriage Dispensation Licenses (Family Law Perspective). 7(1). https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22597

Rifandi, R. (2025). Nusyuz Suami Dalam Teori Mubadalah Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam [PhD Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]. http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/86289/

Rifqi, M. J. (2021). Sejarah Sosial Talak Di Depan Pengadilan Agama Dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan Di Indonesia. Al-Hukama’: The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law, 11(2), 55–84. https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2021.11.2.55-84

Salim, E. F., Judiasih, S. D., & Yuanitasari, D. (2021). Persamaan Syarat Usia Perkawinan Sebagai Wujud Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Meminimalisir Perkawinan Bawah Umur Di Indonesia. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 5(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.23920/acta.v5i1.519

Sekarrini, Loveria, Prasetyo, Sabarinah, & Kusumayati, Agustin. (2025). Child marriage dispensation from a reproductive health perspective: why do judges grant or reject applications? International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 37(6), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2025-0108

Susanti, R. (2024). Legal Analysis of the Judge’s Consideration on the Matter “Marriage Dispensation from the Perspective of Justice”. NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance, 4(1), 111–144. https://doi.org/10.29240/negrei.v4i1.11562

Syufa’at, S. (2022). Marriage Dispensation in Underage Marriage: A Case Study at the Purwokerto Religious Court. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 16(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i1.4229

Sugitanata, A., Karimullah, S. S., & Al Hamid, R. (2023). Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam: Analisis Tata Cara Menemukan Hukum dalam Kacamata Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam. JURISY: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 3(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.37348/jurisy.v3i1.242

Taufiq, M. (2021). Konsep dan Sumber Hukum: Analisis Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Islam dan Sistem Hukum Positif. Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Hukum Islam, 5(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v5i2.348